The Justice of the Peace (JP) 1-2 has original jurisdiction in criminal matters of misdemeanor cases punishable by fine only and such other jurisdiction as may be provided by law.

Original jurisdiction is the authority to accept a case at its inception, try it and pass judgment based upon the laws and facts. This is distinguished from appellate jurisdiction which is jurisdiction to review a court’s action.

A JP performs the functions of a magistrate and conducts inquests. Justices are required to set bonds and conditions as well as perform additional magistrate duties.

JPs may issue warrants for search and arrest, conduct preliminary hearings, administer oaths, perform marriages, and must serve as coroners in counties where there is no provision for a medical examiner.

The Justice Court also functions as a small claims court in civil matters in which exclusive jurisdiction is not in District or County Court and the amount of controversy does not exceed $10,000. The Court can also deal with matters concerning foreclosure of mortgages and enforcement of liens on personal property.